Anaphylactic Reactions

Anaphylaxis is the most serious of all allergic reactions; it is severe and potentially life-threatening. An anaphylactic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen. The reaction or response will occur within seconds or minutes and up to two hours after the exposure to the allergen. It’s very important to prevent exposure to life-threatening allergens, including common triggers such as peanuts, tree nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, and eggs.

A history of allergies or asthma greatly increases the risk associated with developing an anaphylactic reaction, especially if you’ve had a prior anaphylactic reaction.

Signs and Symptoms

• Constriction of the airways, including wheezing and a swollen throat, that results in difficulty breathing
• Shock associated with a severe decrease in blood pressure
• Weak or rapid pulse
• Dizziness or fainting
• Hives and itching
• Flushed or pale skin
• Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
• Anxiety

Treatment
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the drug most commonly used to treat anaphylactic reactions. The drug can be self-administered with an auto injector, such as the Epi-Pen or the Epi-Pen Jr. Your doctor may recommend carrying epinephrine on you at all times if you are prone to anaphylaxis. It’s very important for individuals and those closest to them to learn how to use the auto injector properly.
The best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid substances known to cause this severe reaction. If you have specific food allergies, read food labels carefully before your purchase. Manufacturing processes can change, so it’s important to periodically re-check the labels of foods you commonly eat. When eating out, ask about ingredients and food preparation.  Anaphylaxis can occur even when very minimal amounts are ingested.

You can be allergic to any type of food, but a handful of foods account for the vast majority of allergic reactions. If you’re allergic to or intolerant of one or more of the foods listed below, talk with your doctor or dietitian about how to avoid and treat reactions.

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